Is Iran a threat to Israel's existence?
By David Morrison
Al-Jazeerah, CCUN, November 29, 2010
Israel and its allies assert that Iran is a threat to the existence
of the Israeli state. The narrative they tell is along the following
lines:
The Islamic regime in Iran is virulently anti-semitic and is determined
to continue Hitler’s work by destroying the Jewish state of Israel and
wiping out the Jews in the Middle East. This was made clear by its
President, Mamoud Ahmadinejad, in October 2005, when he said that Israel
must be “wiped off the map”. To that end, Iran is developing nuclear
weapons and the means of delivering them to targets in Israel. Unless
this weapons programme is halted by military means, if necessary, the
existence of the Israeli state is in jeopardy.
To be specific, in November 2006, Benyamin Netanyahu, the present Prime
Minister and leader of Likud, drew a direct parallel between Iran and
Nazi Germany, telling delegates to the annual United Jewish Communities
General Assembly in Los Angeles: “It's 1938 and Iran is Germany. And
Iran is racing to arm itself with atomic bombs”. [1] Of President
Ahmadinejad, he said: “He is preparing another Holocaust for the Jewish
state.”
In November 2007, Benyamin Netanyahu told the Conference on the Future
of the Jewish People in Jerusalem that a nuclear Iran would constitute
not only a threat to Israel, but to the international community as
well, adding: “This is a Jewish problem like Hitler was a Jewish
problem ... The future of the Jewish people depends on the future of
Israel.” [2]
Shimon Peres, Israeli president and former leader of the Labour Party,
has also made claims about an imminent genocide by Iran, comparing an
Iranian nuclear weapon to a “flying concentration camp”. [3]
So has Ehud Olmert, former Prime Minister and leader of Kadima. He told
the German newspaper Bild in April 2006 that President Ahmadinejad was
“a psychopath of the worst kind” who “speaks as Hitler did in his time
of the extermination of the entire Jewish nation”. [4]
So, there is near unanimity amongst political leaders in Israel that
the Iranian regime is virulently anti-semitic and is hell bent on
exterminating Jews in the Middle East and wiping Israel off the map.
This is the narrative the Israel tells about Iran. The purpose of this
document is to enter question marks about this narrative.
Question 1 Is Iran genocidal towards Jews?
It is difficult to reconcile the proposition that Iran is genocidal
towards Jews with the fact that Iran itself is home to the largest
number of Jews in any state in the Middle East outside Israel. Not only
that, Iran’s 1979 Islamic Constitution recognises Jews as an official
religious minority and reserves one seat (out of 290) in the Majlis,
the Iranian Parliament, for them.
Jews first settled in Persia in the 6th Century BC, in the reign of
Cyrus the Great. The continuous Jewish presence in Iran predates Islam
by more than a millennium. In 1948, at the time the Israeli state was
established, approximately 150,000 Jews lived in Iran. A large number of
them left for Israel in the next few years and another wave of
emigration took place after the Islamic revolution in 1979, mostly to
the US. Today, there are around 25,000 Jews in Iran, about half of them
in Tehran.
They practice their religion openly in synagogues, of which there are
about 100 in total in Iran, 26 in Tehran (see the website of the Tehran
Jewish Committee [5]). There are five Jewish schools in Tehran. Jewish
religious teaching is permitted in public schools at certain times
(instead of Islamic teachings).
There is a Jewish hospital in Tehran, which provides services for Jews
and non-Jews alike. These days most of its staff is Muslim, but its
director is a Jew. It is funded by Jewish charities, mostly from
abroad. According to a BBC report, President Ahmadinejad’s office donated
money to the hospital in 2006 [6].
Iranian Jews have little influence on decision-making in Iran and are
not allowed to hold senior posts in the army or bureaucracy. But they
are not persecuted, otherwise they would leave. They can travel
relatively freely, including to Israel and the US, where many of them have
relatives.
* * * * Iran Holocaust drama is a big hit is the title of an
article, dated 30 November 2007, on the BBC website [7]. It begins:
“The scene is wartime Paris. Swastikas adorn the Champs Elysees.
Jackbooted Nazis are rounding up Jews for the concentration camps,
while terrified Parisians look on. “It is a familiar plot for a
television blockbuster. And this time the formula has been as popular
as ever, drawing in massive audiences week after week. …
“The central character is an Iranian diplomat, who provides false
Iranian passports to enable Jews to flee the Nazi-occupied France, a
sort of the Iranian Schindler. He even has a love affair with a Jewish
woman.”
The drama, called Zero Degree Turn and based on a true story, was
showing on Iranian state TV, which commissioned it. Clearly,
Benyamin Netanyahu was mistaken when he said “it's 1938 and Iran is
Germany”.
* * * * Roger Cohen is a journalist and author, who was formerly the
foreign editor of the New York Times and is now a columnist for the
paper. He was born in London to a Jewish family. On a visit to Iran in
February 2009, he wrote a column entitled What Iran’s Jews Say, which
included the following:
“Perhaps I have a bias toward facts over words, but I say the reality
of Iranian civility toward Jews tells us more about Iran — its
sophistication and culture — than all the inflammatory rhetoric. That
may be because I’m a Jew and have seldom been treated with such consistent
warmth as in Iran. Or perhaps I was impressed that the fury over Gaza,
trumpeted on posters and Iranian TV, never spilled over into insults or
violence toward Jews. Or perhaps it’s because I’m convinced the ‘Mad
Mullah’ caricature of Iran and likening of any compromise with it to
Munich 1938 — a position popular in some American Jewish circles — is
misleading and dangerous.” [8]
* * * * In 2007, Israel made a strenuous effort to persuade Iranian
Jews to emigrate to Israel. Substantial financial assistance is
available to all Jews who emigrate to Israel, for example, an immigrant
couple is eligible for payments totalling around $7,500 from the Israeli
Ministry of Immigrant Absorption in their first 8 months in Israel [9].
In 2007, a large additional package was offered to Iranian Jews. Here’s
how the Israeli newspaper Ma’ariv described it in an article entitled
Israel to Iranian Jews: Immigration At Any Price on 8 July 2007:
“Israel is trying to find new ways of encouraging immigration from Iran
in the wake of a lack of desire on the part of thousands of Iranian
Jews to leave. In order to do this, an expatriate group of Iranian
Jewish donors, which is behind a special fund to encourage aliyah from the
land of the ayatollahs, is now offering approximately $60,000 to every
Jewish family that comes to Israel, which will be in addition to the
regular absorption basket.
“Only a few months ago, the fund decided to grant an incentive of
$5,000 to every new immigrant, but this did not persuade Iranian Jews,
many of whom are comfortably off, to leave. The fund has now decided to
double the sum for every new immigrant, and to offer $10,000 in the
hope that it will persuade Iranian Jews to come to Israel.” [10]
Reacting to the offer, Iran's sole Jewish MP, Morris Motamed, said the
offers were insulting and put the country's Jews under pressure to
prove their loyalty (see Guardian report of 12 July 2007 [11]). He
continued:
“It suggests the Iranian Jew can be encouraged to emigrate by money.
Iran's Jews have always been free to emigrate and three-quarters of
them did so after the revolution but 70% of those went to America, not
Israel.”
The offer had limited success: a total of 207 Iranian Jews emigrated to
Israel in 2007 [12].
Question 2: Did President Ahmadinejad threaten
to wipe Israel off the map?
No, he didn’t. This is a fiction, which arose from a mistranslation
from Farsi of a remark President Ahmadinejad made in a speech on 26
October 2005 to a conference in Tehran.
As American Professor Juan Cole, amongst others, has pointed out, the
remark was a quote from Ayatollah Khomeini, the father of the Islamic
Republic, to the effect that “this occupation regime over Jerusalem
must vanish from the page of time” (in rezhim-e eshghalgar-i Qods bayad
as safheh-e ruzgar mahv shavad) [13].
This was not a threat to destroy Israel by military action, but the
expression of a hope that the present Israeli regime will collapse,
just as the Soviet Union did. It is not a threat to kill anyone, let
alone to commit genocide against Jews living in Israel.
On 19 February 2006, the Iranian Foreign Minister, Manouchehr Mottaki,
was challenged about the President’s remark on a visit to Brussels,
when he addressed the European Parliament. Here’s a Haaretz report of
what he said:
“Iran’s foreign minister denied on Monday that Tehran wanted to see
Israel ‘wiped off the map’, saying President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad had
been misunderstood.
“‘Nobody can remove a country from the map. This is a misunderstanding
in Europe of what our president mentioned’, Manouchehr Mottaki told a
news conference, speaking in English, after addressing the European
Parliament.
“‘How is it possible to remove a country from the map? He is talking
about the regime. We do not legally recognize this regime’, he said.”
[14]
In a speech on 26 August 2006, President Ahmadinejad himself said that
“Iran is not a threat to any country, and is not in any way a people of
intimidation and aggression” (quoted by Professor Cole [15]). He went
on to say that Iran does not even pose a threat to Israel, and wants to
see the problem there resolved peacefully through elections:
“Weapons research is in no way part of Iran’s program. Even with regard
to the Zionist regime, our path to a solution is elections.”
Speaking at Columbia University on 24 September 2007, he again proposed
a solution in Palestine based on elections, according a Washington Post
translation [16]:
“What we say is that to solve this 60-year problem, we must allow the
Palestinian people to decide about its future for itself. … We must
allow Jewish Palestinians, Muslim Palestinians and Christian
Palestinians to determine their own fate themselves through a free
referendum. Whatever they choose as a nation, everybody should accept
and respect. … This is what we are saying as the Iranian nation.”
That appears to be an endorsement of a one-state solution, where the
government of Israel/Palestine would be determined by all the people –
Jews, Muslims and Christians – living in the area. That proposal may or
may not be realistic, but it certainly does not involve “wiping Israel
off the map” and exterminating the Jews living there.
Question 3 If
Iran acquires nuclear weapons, won’t Israel’s existence be under threat?
First, the IAEA has found no evidence that Iran has, or ever had, a
nuclear weapons programme.
It is true that Iran is enriching uranium in a plant at Natanz. But, as
a signatory to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) [17], Iran
has an “inalienable right” to engage in nuclear activities, including
uranium enrichment, provided they are for peaceful purposes.
As required by the NPT, Iran’s nuclear facilities, including its
enrichment plant, is under IAEA supervision and the IAEA has confirmed
(a) that only low enriched uranium suitable for a power generation
reactor is being produced at Natanz and (b) that no nuclear material has
been diverted from that plant for other purposes, for example, to be
further enriched to produce fissile material for a nuclear weapon.
There is a possibility that Iran has nuclear facilities for military
purposes, which it hasn’t declared to the IAEA, but the IAEA has found
no evidence of this.
But let us suppose for the sake of argument that Iran has a nuclear
weapons programme, which will eventually yield effective nuclear
weapons and the means of delivering them to Israel. Would Iran then be
an existential threat to Israel?
At this point, it is important to remember that Israel possesses a huge
arsenal of nuclear weapons and the means of delivering them to targets
across the Middle East, including to Iran. The Federation of American
Scientists estimates that Israel has 80 warheads [18]; other experts on
these matters reckon it may have as many as 400 [19].
If Iran were to make a nuclear strike on Israel, it is absolutely
certain that Israel would retaliate in kind and overwhelmingly and, as
a result, many Iranian cities would be razed to the ground. The rulers
of Iran are not suicidal. They don’t want to see their cities devastated
and millions of their people killed. So, they would not make a nuclear
strike on Israel, if they were in a position to do so (which they
aren’t).
The significance of Iran acquiring nuclear weapons is not that Iran
would become a threat to Israel or the US, but that Israel and the US
would no longer contemplate attacking Iran. Nuclear weapons are the
ultimate weapons of self-defence – a state like North Korea, for instance,
that possesses rudimentary nuclear weapons doesn’t get attacked, or
threatened with attack, by other states.
One thing is certain: attacking Iran, ostensibly to prevent it from
acquiring nuclear weapons, would make the case for it acquiring them
like nothing else. It would then be abundantly clear that only the
possession of nuclear weapons would deter a potential aggressor – and it
can be guaranteed that Iran would then make a supreme effort to acquire
them.
US Defense Secretary, Robert Gates, acknowledged that this is so at a
Wall Street Journal conference on 16 November 2010. Here is a Reuters
report of what he said: 5 “Although he [Robert Gates] acknowledged …
that Iranian leaders ‘are still intent on acquiring nuclear weapons’,
he said military action was not a long-term answer.
“‘A military solution, as far as I'm concerned ... it will bring
together a divided nation. It will make them absolutely committed to
obtaining nuclear weapons. And they will just go deeper and more
covert’, Gates said.
“‘The only long-term solution in avoiding an Iranian nuclear weapons
capability is for the Iranians to decide it's not in their interest.
Everything else is a short-term solution.’” [20]
David Morrison
References:
[1]
www.haaretz.com/news/netanyahu-it-s-1938-and-iran-is-germany-ahmadinejad-is-preparing-another-holocaust-
1.205137 [2]
www.jpost.com/Home/Article.aspx?id=68197 [3]
www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2007/aug/07/kosherintehran [4]
www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3245121,00.html [5]
www.iranjewish.com/Essay_E/Essay_e1.htm [6]
news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/5367892.stm [7]
news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/1/hi/world/middle_east/7119474.stm [8]
www.nytimes.com/2009/02/23/opinion/23cohen.html [9]
www.moia.gov.il/nr/rdonlyres/75170592-a210-4bfe-9b06-ef347793ef6a/0/salklita_en.pdf
[10]
www.zionism-israel.com/israel_news/2007/07/persian-jews-about-immigration-to.html
[11]
www.guardian.co.uk/world/2007/jul/12/israel.iran [12]
www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/jerusalem-babylon-despite-benefits-few-iranian-jews-want-to-live-here-
1.236083 [13]
www.juancole.com/2009/10/top-things-you-think-you-know-about.html
[14]
www.haaretz.com/news/iranian-fm-denies-wanting-to-wipe-israel-off-the-map-1.180643
[15]
www.juancole.com/2006/08/ahmadinejad-we-are-not-threat-to-any.html
[16]
www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/09/24/AR2007092401042.html
[17]
www.iaea.org/Publications/Documents/Infcircs/Others/infcirc140.pdf
[18]
www.fas.org/programs/ssp/nukes/nuclearweapons/nukestatus.html
[19]
www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/080602_israeliwmd.pdf
[20]
www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE6AF3G720101116
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